v     Students will receive questions for a study guide via their 49er Express email accounts.

v     It is the student’s responsibility to make sure they sign the attendance sheet. Attendance will begin being counted starting with today. 10% of your grade is class discussion. More than 3 absences will earn you a zero in class discussion.

 

Early German Cinema (continued)

 

Recap of German history: The World War I has ended and it was a terrible time for the Germans in 1918. Improvement would not begin until 1925. The stock market crashed in the U.S. in 1929 affecting the rest of the world as well. Between 1930-1932, there was high unemployment and it was on the rise. The Nazis gain plurality and begin to persuade or intimidate others in order to gain a majority and power in 1933. Politics and film change. Some films that were allowed in 1932 were banned in 1933. Nazi film will be discussed at a later time.

 

World Film History: Silent films had an international market because there was no language barrier. Voices were not being heard, so viewers did not have to deal with accents or foreign languages. France, Italy, America and Sweden were the big film countries at the time.

 

The U.F.A. studio began in Germany which helped gain a foothold in to industry to compete commercially with the rest of the world. The Germans found a niche in high quality horror films between 1918-mid 1920s.

 

Silent Films

 

  1. The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920)

The monster in the movie is considered to be the original Frankenstein. He is the sleepwalking companion of a psychiatrist who orders him to kill people.

  1. Nosferatu (1922)

This movie was based on Bram Stoker’s Dracula with a monster who had a vague resemblance of Dracula himself.

  1. Metropolis (1927)

This movie is best known of its kind and is an early sci-fi film. Visuals and architecture were referenced in later films.

  1. The Last Laugh (1924) me

Unlike the others above, this movie is not a horror film. It is a type of tragedy or melodrama. It’s about the downward spiral fall of an arrogant doorman after losing his job. American audiences would not buy into the sad ending, so the director added in a happier ending.

 

Clip 1: The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari

            It was believed that authority, German institutions, were responsible for the tragedy of World War I. The psychiatrist was in charge of the sleepwalker. He was exposed and arrested in order to solve the problem of abusive authority. The movie had frames attached. This clip shows the main character, a young man, telling a friend about the story of Caligari. The setting is inside of an asylum. The man’s fiancé is approaching which is the woman in the back. Come to find out, the story of Caligari is all made up in the head of the main character. Everyone in the movie is an inmate/ patient of the asylum. Thus the film’s original intent is turned around and  uncorrupt authority learns of a problem and tries to solve it.

 

Clip 2: Caligari on the right is shown with his sleep walking companion, Caesare. Caesare’s role is an alter-ego of Caligari.

  • Doppelgangers may be an exact double or complete opposite of another character.
  • The Student of Prague: The student has a mirror image trying to take over his life. The student slays his mirror image and both die as a result.
  • The Gollum: A Gollum is a clay statue that can be controlled or act out on free will. Gollums are Jewish legend.
  • The Other: An example of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
  • Metropolis: A preacher woman named Maria is cloned into an evil counterpart. The ideas of a saint versus a lady of the night were explored.

 

Clip 3: The monster is shown with Jane with intent to kill. The cliché of beauty can never be slain was portrayed. He runs off with her instead to pursue romance. This scene is influential because of its design of expressionism. Expressionism began in German film in 1920. It relies on oblique lines and abstraction put together in an artificial way.

 

Clip 4: This was the bookend of the frame. The expressionism shown indicates that something is wrong. Triangular figures come to a point with other figures circling around the outside to indicate derangement.

  • Expressioism had its start in painting which often used garish colors such as  red, orange, and bright green to express the inner essence of things rather than reproduce their true outer appearance.
  • (1912-1922) Expressionism ruled German stage. It was very stagy, artificial, and abstract.
  • The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari is best known example of expressionism in German film.
  • America echoed expressionism in its Film Noir style during the 1940s. Themes were far from reality.

 

Nosferatu

Clip 5: This is a clip of Nosferatu. He’s far removed from Dracula. He’s not a good looking man who seduces upper middle class women. He is commonly shown as a shadow which shows that he is threatening. Shadows are a very common motif in expressionism.

 

Clip 6: This is the second to last scene. A wife sacrifices herself in order to save humanity.

 

            Metropolis

Clip 7: This movie was a cult favorite. Georgio Moroder colorized and filtered the original movie and re-released it in theaters in 1984. The movie was 60yrs old by this time.

Clip 8: This is the creation of the false Maria. This movie was an early science fiction.

  • Most Sci-fi films warn about technology in the future and experimenting where men are not supposed to go. An example: Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (making people from dead parts)

 

Clip 9: A picture of the hero shown taking up a collapsed worker’s position. He has told his father that he was rich and now he wants to join the poor. He is shown in a Christian-like pose as a martyr.

 

Clip 10: A picture of the main character in The Last Laugh as he takes care of the men’s bathroom.

 

Shows a program about movies--- (has scenes from various movies with commentary)

 

  • The Assistant discovers that the owner of the house is Nosferatu, a vampire. Nosferatu chases the assistant all the way to a ship. Low camera angles are used to indicate pure evil. In Bremen, the girl must defeat Nosferatu through pure spirit by making him forget the first cock’s crow. He dies as a result.

 

  • There was a symphony of horror with spine chilling atmosphere due to the use of lighting and shadows. Dream sequences were used as a visual impact in the movie Phantom by the same director. Dreams flood out reality. An example would be the ghost carriage appearing to run over the guy in the road.

 

  • Faust (1926): Desperation, mastery of visual techniques

 

  • The Last Laugh: Uniform equals self-respect. The drunken porter’s scene showed camera effects at its best, almost as if it were another character. The camera shows his drunkenness. There’s no need for subtitles because his downfall is so well executed.

 

                                                   ----------Discussion----------          

 

Nosferatu

  • Monster looking at Nina through a window. Nina throws open the window. He’s completely shut off from the rest of the world. He wants human contact. However, he’s only seen as a deformity and a silhouetted figure.

 

Faust (1775-1776)

  • A classic that has be refined over the next 20-30yrs.
  • Shows influence of the  horror film in scenes with the devil. A man makes a pact with the devil shown with horrific imagery.
  • Gretchen is sentenced to die and burned alive because she killed her newborn. This was a popular theme in Germany at the time the original play was written, end of the 18th century.

 

Last Laugh

  • Fluid camera work even while character is drunk. This movie was not the pinnacle of the actor’s life as the show claims. It came a few years later when the actor began to make movies in Hollywood and won an academy award. He eventually had to go back to Germany due to his thick accent.

 

Early Sound Film

 

The Blue Angel: UFA. poured a lot of money into this project because they sensed the competition with Hollywood. People began to prefer talking films. They brought Jannings back to help with the film. They wanted Sternberg in exchange for hiring a “nobody” actress, Marlene Dietrich, who became an icon in late 1920s Germany and later in America.

 

Clip 11: Signature pose of Marlene Dietrich in The Blue Angel singing Falling in Love Again. German lyrics were colder than American version.

 

Clip 12: Wedding celebration

 

M: best known from this era. It’s a mystery thriller about a child murderer. It’s synonymous with Peter Lorre.

 

Kuhle Wampe: This film’s about the workers’ plight during the Great Depression. It was one of the few communist inspired movies which were later banned by Nazis.

 

Clip 13

 

Clip 14: Young people arguing with elders